The editions
One paper for every year
143 editions from 1875 to 2017. Each is built only from dated records and set in the type of its era; a thin edition means a thin record, not a quiet year.
Crown Rule
1875 to 1913
Silver rupee, Presidency Banks, and money drawn on India from London.
- 1875Remittances to London2 records
- 1876The Government of India sold its 2,200 shares to the Bank of Bengal's directors at a premium of 22.5 per cent18 records
- 1877Remittances to London3 records
- 1878Remittances to London3 records
- 1879The Presidency Banks Act 1876 was amended; the 1887 edition of the unrepealed Acts footnotes amendments made…5 records
- 1880Remittances to London4 records
- 1881Remittances to London3 records
- 1882Salt Duty Act and the salt monopoly4 records
- 1883Remittances to London5 records
- 1884Remittances to London3 records
- 1885Remittances to London4 records
- 1886Remittances to London3 records
- 1887Remittances to London2 records
- 1888Remittances to London2 records
- 1889Remittances to London2 records
- 1890Remittances to London2 records
- 1891Remittances to London2 records
- 1892Remittances to London2 records
- 1893Closure of the Indian mints to the free coinage of silver19 records
- 1894Remittances to London17 records
- 1895Remittances to London17 records
- 1896Remittances to London17 records
- 1897Remittances to London17 records
- 1898Indian Currency Committee (Fowler)18 records
- 1899Attempt to establish a gold standard (Gold Standard Reserve)18 records
- 1900Agra Bank goes into liquidation20 records
- 1901Remittances to London14 records
- 1902Berar lease arrangement17 records
- 1903Salt duty reduced from Rs 2.5 to Rs 2 per maund17 records
- 1904Remittances to London1 records
- 1905Remittances to London1 records
- 1906Remittances to London1 records
- 1907Sino-British Opium Agreement and the end of the India-China opium trade2 records
- 1908Remittances to London1 records
- 1909A quiet year in the recordno records yet
- 1910Remittances to London1 records
- 1911Indian Specie Bank: At the fifth general meeting the chairman told shareholders: "I may mention that not one ounce of silver is…3 records
- 1912Remittances to London1 records
- 1913Indian joint-stock banks fail22 records
War and Depression
1914 to 1946
Two wars, a central bank, and the sterling balances.
- 1914Indian banks generally face runs23 records
- 19156 joint-stock banks fail8 records
- 191613 joint-stock banks fail11 records
- 1917Number of exchange banks with head offices outside India fell from 12 (1911) to 9 (1917), then recovered to 10…17 records
- 1918Bombay Currency Office faces a run24 records
- 1919Government of India: Daily issues of rupees to single tenderers of notes limited, to satisfy large demands in part and small…19 records
- 1920New exchange-bank branches are founded12 records
- 1921The Imperial Bank of India took over the three Presidency Banks of Bengal, Bombay and Madras12 records
- 192235 Indian banks fail3 records
- 1923Alliance Bank of Simla fails3 records
- 1924Allahabad Union Bank: Paid-up capital Rs 65,0002 records
- 1925People's Bank of Northern India, Ltd is founded6 records
- 1926Reserve Bank of India (proposal): Hilton Young Commission report submitted, recommending a central bank to be called the Reserve Bank of India…13 records
- 1927Reserve Bank Bill: Sir Basil Blackett's amendment to prohibit Members of Indian or Local Legislatures from serving as RBI…11 records
- 1928Gold Standard and Reserve Bank Bill: New Bill published, broadly following the 1927 Bill as amended by the Joint Committee, providing for a…6 records
- 1929Reserve Bank of India (proposal): Four-year delay between the 1928 Bill and the 1933 Bill2 records
- 1930Karachi Bank: Bank 1910–1930, paid-up capital Rs 2½ lakh, branches at Bombay, Hyderabad and Larkana5 records
- 1931Indian joint-stock banks generally: The Indian Central Banking Enquiry Committee (1931) sat in four volumes; the majority report (Vol15 records
- 1932Report of the Indian States Enquiry Committee (Financial), 1932 (Cmd. 4103)2 records
- 1933Reserve Bank of India Bill, 1933: Bill introduced, based on the 1928 Bill as modified by the London Committee; referred to a Joint Select…5 records
- 1934Reserve Bank of India is founded9 records
- 1935Reserve Bank of India is founded8 records
- 1936Inserted Sections 277F–277L and following into the Indian Companies Act, 1913, dealing specially with banking…4 records
- 1937The Travancore National Bank (est3 records
- 1938South Indian banking crisis faces a run9 records
- 1939Reserve Bank of India: Governor Sir James Taylor circulated to the Local Boards a memorandum of proposals for an Indian Bank Act to…18 records
- 1940Reserve Bank of India: Rupee–sterling buying rate fixed at 1s 6d and held there for the rest of the war13 records
- 1941Hyderabad State Bank is founded7 records
- 1942Indian Companies (Second Amendment) Act, 1942: Proviso added to s.277F: a company using "bank" or its derivatives in its name is deemed a banking company…10 records
- 1943Reserve Bank of India: The Governor (Sir James Taylor) circulated a memorandum, Sterling Balances and Inflation in India, to the…18 records
- 1944Government of India (Finance Department): United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, Bretton Woods23 records
- 1945Indian banks (all) fail16 records
- 1946One Bengali scheduled bank, affected by withdrawals, asked the RBI for accommodation against shares without…20 records
The Planned Republic
1947 to 1990
Partition, planning, aid consortia and nationalised banks.
- 1947UK–India Financial Agreement; balances blocked into Nos. 1 and 2 accounts63 records
- 1948First IMF drawing by India105 records
- 1949Sterling devaluation; India follows59 records
- 1950Korean War starts: commodity boom28 records
- 1951Bank Rate 3.0 → 3.5%20 records
- 1952Final sterling-balances settlement (Colombo Plan framework)6 records
- 1953A quiet year in the record1 records
- 1954Indochina / Vietnam War (incl. US phase 1965–73)4 records
- 1955Removed a London-registered-shareholder bank (Imperial Bank had significant British shareholding and a London…4 records
- 1956Suez Canal closed (to ~1957-04)21 records
- 1957Second Plan foreign-exchange crisis29 records
- 1958From here on, Plan-period trade policy is negotiated alongside Consortium pledging5 records
- 1959A quiet year in the recordno records yet
- 1960A quiet year in the record3 records
- 1961Operation Vijay, annexation of Goa, Daman & Diu8 records
- 1962Sino-Indian War6 records
- 1963Gold Control Order5 records
- 1964Pratap Singh Kairon (Punjab CM): S.R. Das Commission findings3 records
- 1965Reserves at lowest point since independence13 records
- 1966Rupee devaluation15 records
- 1967Sterling devaluation (2.80 → 2.40 USD/GBP); India does not follow14 records
- 1968Collapse of the London Gold Pool; two-tier gold market4 records
- 1969Nationalisation of 14 major banks5 records
- 1970Maruti affair (Sanjay Gandhi)7 records
- 1971Nixon shock, US closes gold window13 records
- 1972Sterling floats3 records
- 1973OPEC price rises / OAPEC embargo (from 1973-10-17)12 records
- 1974Second posted-price increase11 records
- 1975The Emergency15 records
- 1976First IMF gold auction4 records
- 1977Emergency lifted; Janata victory (Morarji Desai sworn in 1977-03-24)6 records
- 1978Demonetisation of Rs 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 notes (Janata govt, PM Morarji Desai)3 records
- 1979Second oil shock (Iranian revolution, Iran–Iraq war)7 records
- 1980Iran–Iraq War, incl. "Tanker War" 1984–8811 records
- 1981IMF Extended Fund Facility approved7 records
- 1982A quiet year in the record2 records
- 1983Black July anti-Tamil riots, Sri Lanka4 records
- 1984Operation Blue Star6 records
- 1985The same source states that "significant reforms throughout the decade but especially starting in 1985"…3 records
- 1986A quiet year in the record1 records
- 1987Bofors scandal breaks (Swedish Radio)12 records
- 1988A quiet year in the record1 records
- 1989A quiet year in the recordno records yet
- 1990Iraqi invasion of Kuwait; oil-price spike and remittance stop17 records
The Open Economy
1991 to 2017
The gold airlift, liberalisation, and a floating rupee.
- 1991Balance-of-payments crisis54 records
- 1992Harshad Mehta securities scam exposed (Sucheta Dalal, Times of India)11 records
- 1993Bombay bombings8 records
- 1994India accepted Article VIII of the IMF Articles of Agreement and made the rupee convertible on the current…3 records
- 1995A quiet year in the record2 records
- 1996A quiet year in the record1 records
- 1997Asian financial crisis (Thai baht float 1997-07-02)12 records
- 1998Pokhran-II; US Glenn Amendment sanctions; G8 pressure on World Bank lending18 records
- 1999Kargil War3 records
- 2000Dot-com / tech bust11 records
- 2001UTI US-64 freeze18 records
- 2002Drought (below-normal south-west monsoon)5 records
- 2003Iraq invasion10 records
- 2004Post-election crash (UPA victory, Left support)8 records
- 2005SEZ Act 2005, the decade's signal industrial-policy reform; consequent land-acquisition politics5 records
- 2006Sharp intraday collapse on the Sensex amid the credit boom; emerging-market sell-off3 records
- 2007Shanghai/Chinese market sell-off transmits globally7 records
- 2008Global Financial Crisis17 records
- 2009Post-election rally (UPA re-elected)6 records
- 2010Commonwealth Games, Delhi (Games held 2010-10-03 to 14)7 records
- 2011Libyan civil war and NATO intervention10 records
- 2012Launched 2012-11 at the ASEAN summit in Phnom Penh: ASEAN plus Australia, China, India, Japan, Korea and New…3 records
- 2013Taper tantrum (Bernanke testimony 2013-05-22)21 records
- 2014Launched 2014-09-25. A campaign covering 25 sectors, investment facilitation and ease of doing business9 records
- 2015Yemen war (Saudi-led intervention)6 records
- 2016Demonetisation of Rs 500 and Rs 1,000 notes13 records
- 2017GST rollout at midnight17 records
